Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) can be described as matter created from matter waves. It is formed when a gas composed of specific particles – “bosonic” particles – is cooled very close to absolute zero. At this low temperature, the wavelength of the matter becomes so large that the wave-like atoms oscillate harmoniously and become indistinguishable, thus forming BEC.
This condensate consists of a macroscopic number of particles, all of which have entered the same energy state – the ground state of the system. When all the particles are locked in the same quantum state they act as one. BEC is a phase transition determined by the wave nature of the particles, instead of the interactions between them.
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